Bernard Enjolras holds a diploma from the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (Sciences-Po), a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Paris I Sorbonne (France) and a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Québec in Montreal (Canada). He is a Research Director and Research Professor at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo and the Director of the Center for Research on Civil Society and the Voluntary Sector. He is also Deputy Director of the Institute for Social research the Editor-in Chief of Voluntas International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. Bernard Enjolras received the 2010 Academy of Management Public and Nonprofit (PNP) Division Best Article Award for his 'A Governance- Structure Approach to Voluntary Organizations' published in 2009 in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Bernard is responsible for the overall scientific and administrative management of the Third Sector Impact project and he is lead researcher for conceptual integration of findings and the final report, as well as engaging stakeholders and dissemination. He serves as executive board member together with Lester Salamon (JUH), Annette Zimmer (MU) and Karl Henrik Sivesind (ISF).

Relevant Publications

• Enjolras, B., Kari Steen-Johnsen & Dag Wollebæk (2013) Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations – transcending participatory divides? New Media & Society.

• Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.) (2012) Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

• B. Enjolras & K. H. Sivesind (eds.) (2009) Civil Society in Comparative Perspective. In: Comparative Social Research, Volume 26. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

• Enjolras, B. (2009) A governance-structure approach to voluntary organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38 :5, 761-783.

• Wollebæk, D., Steen-Johnsen, K.,Enjolras, B., & Ødegård, G. Rallying without fear: political consequences of terror in a high trust society. In: S.J. Sinclair (Ed.), The political Psychology of Terrorism Fears. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Projects

Third Sector Impact (2014-2017) Role: Project coordinator, EU-FP7 Center for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector (2006-2017) The research programme Centre for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector is a partnership between the Institute for Social Research and the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies/The University of Bergen. The programme has three key research areas: Participation; Transitional processes; Financing and regulatory framework See more at: http://www.civilsociety.no Role: Director Social Media and the New Public Sphere (2010- 2013) This project examines how new social media such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter change the conditions for participation and influence in public sphere, and analyses the consequences for citizenship and democracy. Modern technologies enable new social practices by reducing transaction costs related to production and publication of information, and by making new tools for coordination available. The project focuses on the interaction between technological possibilities and the social practices that are formed through the use of technology. Our assumption is that this interaction creates new possibilities for individuals and groups, but at the same time established institutions will try to adapt to the new digital environment with the aim of strengthening their influence and position. The project analyses how institutional and non-institutional actors use social media strategically. An evaluation of the combined effect of these efforts on how public sphere and democratic institutions and processes function will also be undertaken. See more at: http://www.socialresearch.no/Projects/Ongoing-projects/Social-media-and-the-new-public-sphere-consequences-for-citizenship-and-democracy-VERDIKT Role: Project Coordinator Monitoring of Free-Speech in Norway (2013- 2014) This project investigates the state of freedom of speech in Norway. ISF will manage the project on assignment by the Free-Speech Foundation. The project will address issues concerning the terms of freedom of speech, freedom of speech in light of multiculturalism, digitalization and shifting media structures, security, control and surveillance and the terms of freedom of speech in the labour market. We will apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches, with a central element being a survey targeted at both the general public and at groups of particular interest to freedom of speech: Ethnic minorities, journalists and cultural workers. The project will be conveyed through multiple platforms, with important arenas being a series of seminars and a new webpage. There will also be published a report and all of the project partners will contribute to an anthology to be published by a Norwegian publishing company in which freedom of speech is investigated through multiple perspectives. See more at: http://www.statusytringsfrihet.no/ Role: Project Coordinator

Signe Bock Segaard holds a Ph.D. in Political Science, University of Oslo and has worked as Senior Researcher at Institute for Social Research in Oslo since 2009. Segaard is member of the International Programme Committee of EVOTE2014. She has published on civil sector, trust and social capital, (electronic) democracy and politics, election and voters.

Relevant Publications

• Segaard, Signe Bock & Jeppe Agger (2013) Local Election Blogs: Networking among the Political Elite. In: Information Polity 18(4): 299-313

• Segaard, Signe Bock, Harald Baldersheim & Jo Saglie (2013) The Norwegian Trial with Internet Voting: Results and Challenges. In: Revista General de Derecho Público Comparado (13)

• Wollebæk, Dag & Signe Bock. Segaard (eds.) (2011) Social Capital in Norway. In: Sosial kapital i Norge. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk

• Segaard, Signe Bock (2011) Social Capital and Organisational Affiliation among Ethnical Minorities (Sosial kapital og organisasjonstilknytning blant etniske minoriteter). In: Dag Wollebæk & Signe Bock Segaard (eds.) Sosial kapital i Norge. Oslo: Cappelen Akademisk.

• Segaard, Signe Bock (2010) Ways to Local e-Democracy – Organisation, Goals, Means, and Results (Veje til lokalt e-demokrati – organisering, mål, virkemidler og resultater). Oslo: Akademisk Publisering.

Projects

Outsourcing of Scandinavian welfare societies? Consequences of private and nonprofit service provision (2012-2016) This project is designed to improve our understanding of how welfare politics; allocation of service contracts to public, private and nonprofit providers; and citizen roles are linked, by addressing the following research questions:

• Under what circumstances are active citizenship roles as opposed to narrower consumerist roles likely to occur? • Does it make a difference if the providers belong to the public, private or the nonprofit sector? • Are there differences between welfare services where there is broad party consensus about the need to curb costs, as opposed to services where there is competition about improvement and expansion between the parties? • Do the institutional logics by which welfare service contracts are allocated to providers and expectations coordinated matter, i.e. is there a shift from government to governance?

The project will strengthen stakeholders' critical awareness of consequences of outsourcing and user choice for active citizenship. The project involves researchers from Norway, Sweden and Denmark and provides a comparative perspective on the Scandinavian welfare societies. See more at: http://www.socialresearch.no/Projects/Ongoing-projects/Outsourcing-of-Scandinavian-welfare-societies

Social media and the new public sphere: consequences for citizenship and democracy (2010-2014) This project examines how new social media such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter change the conditions for participation and influence in public sphere, and analyses the consequences for citizenship and democracy. Modern technologies enable new social practices by reducing transaction costs related to production and publication of information, and by making new tools for coordination available.

The project focuses on the interaction between technological possibilities and the social practices that are formed through the use of technology. Our assumption is that this interaction creates new possibilities for individuals and groups, but at the same time established institutions will try to adapt to the new digital environment with the aim of strengthening their influence and position. The project analyses how institutional and non-institutional actors use social media strategically. An evaluation of the combined effect of these efforts on how public sphere and democratic institutions and processes function will also be undertaken. See more at: http://www.socialresearch.no/Projects/Ongoing-projects/Social-media-and-the-new-public-sphere-consequences-for-citizenship-and-democracy-VERDIKT

Karl Henrik Sivesind holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the University of Oslo and has been working as Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo since 2000, since 2004 on professor-level. He serves on the Board of Directors of ISTR (International Society for Third Sector Research). He was Editor in Chief of the leading Norwegian multidisciplinary Journal of Social Science Research for 6 years. He has been involved in several comparative, social scientific research projects. He was the coordinator of the FP6 network CINEFOGO in Norway, and member of the steering committee for the "European Voluntary Associations" network. His research interests include civil society and the voluntary sector, nonprofit welfare services, comparative methods. Karl Henrik is lead researcher for Third Sector Impact work area 2 (elaboration and testing of impact indicators). He serves as executive board member together with Annette Zimmer (MU), Lester Salamon (JUH) and Bernard Enjolras (ISF).

Relevant Publications

• Sivesind, K. H., & Selle, P. (2009),Does Public Spending "Crowd out" Nonprofit Welfare? Comparative Social Research, 26, 105-134.

• Sivesind, K. H., & Selle, P.  in: R. Alapuro & H. Stenius (Eds.) (2010) Civil society in the Nordic countries: Between displacement and vitality. In:  Nordic Associations in a European Perspective (pp. 89–120). Baden-Baden: Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft.

• Sivesind, K. H., Pospíšilová, T., & Frič, P. (2013) Does Volunteering Cause Trust? A comparison of the Czech Republic and Norway. European Societies: The Official Journal of the European Sociological Association, 15(1), 106-130.

• Sivesind, K. H (2013) Nonprofit welfare services: a solution to the Scandinavian models future problems? (Ideella välfärdstjänster: en lösning på den skandinaviska modellens framtida utmaningar?) In: L. Trägårdh, P. Selle, L. S. Henriksen & H. Hallin (Eds.), Civil Society squeezed between state and capital. Welfare, diversity and future (Civilsamhället klämt mellan stat och kapital. Välfärd, mångfold, framtid). (pp. 75-88). Stockholm: SNS Förlag

Projects

Outsourcing of Scandinavian welfare societies? Consequences of private and nonprofit service provision (2012-2016) This project is designed to improve our understanding of how welfare politics; allocation of service contracts to public, private and nonprofit providers; and citizen roles are linked, by addressing the following research questions: • Under what circumstances are active citizenship roles as opposed to narrower consumerist roles likely to occur? • Does it make a difference if the providers belong to the public, private or the nonprofit sector? • Are there differences between welfare services where there is broad party consensus about the need to curb costs, as opposed to services where there is competition about improvement and expansion between the parties? • Do the institutional logics by which welfare service contracts are allocated to providers and expectations coordinated matter, i.e. is there a shift from government to governance? The project will strengthen stakeholders' critical awareness of consequences of outsourcing and user choice for active citizenship. The project involves researchers from Norway, Sweden and Denmark and provides a comparative perspective on the Scandinavian welfare societies. See more at: http://www.socialresearch.no/Projects/Ongoing-projects/Outsourcing-of-Scandinavian-welfare-societies Role: Project Manager Organisational community in transition (2014 -2015) The issues to be addressed in this project are what changes take place in the Norwegian organisational population and in the organisational structure at the local, regional and national levels, which social spheres the organisations primarily direct themselves toward, and their scope with regard to membership, staff and finances, as well as contact with public authorities. This project is a part of the Centre for Research on Civil Society and the Voluntary Sector, which is a partnership between the Institute for Social Research and the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies/The University of Bergen. See more at: http://www.civilsociety.no/ Role: Project Manager Funding and framework conditions (2016-2017) The question to be answered in this project is how small, medium and large organisations in various categories are affected by changes in sources of income and framework conditions. Considerable and rapid changes in the sources of income of voluntary organisations in Norway are taking place. It may be sufficient to mention the disappearance of gambling machine income, the introduction of a temporary compensation scheme, the introduction of compensation for service tax, expansion to compensation for all types of VAT and a gradual escalation toward full VAT compensation, changes in the lottery scheme, national lotteries that are outcompeted by Norwegian Tipping, increased income from gifts and sponsorships in several categories of organisations. In many instances, such changes may affect different organisations such that they reinforce each other or weaken each other. Also, in many cases, such changes have incentive effects that result in the organisations adapting in a more or less desirable direction. The project will analyze how changes in framework conditions and sources of incomes interact and affect organisations of different sizes in different organisational categories. The project is part of the Centre for Research on Civil Society and the Voluntary Sector, which is a partnership between the Institute for Social Research and the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies/The University of Bergen. See more at: http://www.civilsociety.no/ Role: Project Manager