Bernard Enjolras holds a diploma from the Institute of Political Studies in Paris (Sciences-Po), a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Paris I Sorbonne (France) and a Ph.D. in Sociology from the University of Québec in Montreal (Canada). He is a Research Director and Research Professor at the Institute for Social Research in Oslo and the Director of the Center for Research on Civil Society and the Voluntary Sector. He is also Deputy Director of the Institute for Social research the Editor-in Chief of Voluntas International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations. Bernard Enjolras received the 2010 Academy of Management Public and Nonprofit (PNP) Division Best Article Award for his 'A Governance- Structure Approach to Voluntary Organizations' published in 2009 in Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly. Bernard is responsible for the overall scientific and administrative management of the Third Sector Impact project and he is lead researcher for conceptual integration of findings and the final report, as well as engaging stakeholders and dissemination. He serves as executive board member together with Lester Salamon (JUH), Annette Zimmer (MU) and Karl Henrik Sivesind (ISF).

Relevant Publications

• Enjolras, B., Kari Steen-Johnsen & Dag Wollebæk (2013) Social media and mobilization to offline demonstrations – transcending participatory divides? New Media & Society.

• Emanuela Bozzini & Bernard Enjolras (eds.) (2012) Governing Ambiguities. New Forms of Local Governance and Civil Society. Baden-Baden: Nomos.

• B. Enjolras & K. H. Sivesind (eds.) (2009) Civil Society in Comparative Perspective. In: Comparative Social Research, Volume 26. Bingley: Emerald Group Publishing Limited.

• Enjolras, B. (2009) A governance-structure approach to voluntary organizations. Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly, 38 :5, 761-783.

• Wollebæk, D., Steen-Johnsen, K.,Enjolras, B., & Ødegård, G. Rallying without fear: political consequences of terror in a high trust society. In: S.J. Sinclair (Ed.), The political Psychology of Terrorism Fears. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Projects

Third Sector Impact (2014-2017) Role: Project coordinator, EU-FP7 Center for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector (2006-2017) The research programme Centre for Research on Civil Society and Voluntary Sector is a partnership between the Institute for Social Research and the Stein Rokkan Centre for Social Studies/The University of Bergen. The programme has three key research areas: Participation; Transitional processes; Financing and regulatory framework See more at: http://www.civilsociety.no Role: Director Social Media and the New Public Sphere (2010- 2013) This project examines how new social media such as Facebook, YouTube and Twitter change the conditions for participation and influence in public sphere, and analyses the consequences for citizenship and democracy. Modern technologies enable new social practices by reducing transaction costs related to production and publication of information, and by making new tools for coordination available. The project focuses on the interaction between technological possibilities and the social practices that are formed through the use of technology. Our assumption is that this interaction creates new possibilities for individuals and groups, but at the same time established institutions will try to adapt to the new digital environment with the aim of strengthening their influence and position. The project analyses how institutional and non-institutional actors use social media strategically. An evaluation of the combined effect of these efforts on how public sphere and democratic institutions and processes function will also be undertaken. See more at: http://www.socialresearch.no/Projects/Ongoing-projects/Social-media-and-the-new-public-sphere-consequences-for-citizenship-and-democracy-VERDIKT Role: Project Coordinator Monitoring of Free-Speech in Norway (2013- 2014) This project investigates the state of freedom of speech in Norway. ISF will manage the project on assignment by the Free-Speech Foundation. The project will address issues concerning the terms of freedom of speech, freedom of speech in light of multiculturalism, digitalization and shifting media structures, security, control and surveillance and the terms of freedom of speech in the labour market. We will apply both qualitative and quantitative approaches, with a central element being a survey targeted at both the general public and at groups of particular interest to freedom of speech: Ethnic minorities, journalists and cultural workers. The project will be conveyed through multiple platforms, with important arenas being a series of seminars and a new webpage. There will also be published a report and all of the project partners will contribute to an anthology to be published by a Norwegian publishing company in which freedom of speech is investigated through multiple perspectives. See more at: http://www.statusytringsfrihet.no/ Role: Project Coordinator